Overview
CLICK to enlarge
A watershed is typically defined as the area of land where all precipitation drains to a common water body, such as a river or lake. A watershed includes upland areas, weltands, streams and water bodies.
The Oswego Lake watershed is all the land that contributes water to Oswego Lake. It is comprised of 4,168 acres of land in Clackamas, Washington, and Multnomah counties in northwestern Oregon.
Water enters Oswego Lake through Springbrook Creek, Lost Dog Creek, Blue Heron Creek, and the Tualatin River (by way of the Oswego Lake Canal). Water exits the lake through Oswego Creek, which drains into the Willamette River.
The Oswego Lake watershed provides food, water, shelter, and many economic benefits and ecosystem services to the 21,550 people and diverse bird, fish, mammal and amphibian species that live there. The watershed contains 2,100 acres of single-family residential area, 123 acres of multi-family residential area, and 95 acres of commercial/industrial area. Impervious, or solid surfaces that generate stormwater runoff like rooftops, parking lots and streets, cover 1,235 acres, or 29%, of the watershed.
History
Oswego Lake formed naturally 13,000-15,000 years ago when an abandoned channel of the Tualatin River was flooded during the Missoula Floods (also known as the Bretz Floods).
Before European settlement, the Clackamas people and other Indigenous groups lived in the Oswego Lake watershed. They referred to the lake as “Sucker Lake” due to the abundance of sucker fish in its waters. The oldest known name for Oswego Lake, according to linguist Henry Zenk, was derived from the Kalapuyan language and referred to Oswego Creek as “sucker-place-creek,” reflecting the prominence of the fish in the area.
In the late 1800’s, the lake became popular as a summer vacation destination and recreational lake. By 1927 the lake was renamed Oswego. After World War II, summer cottages gave way to more and more permanent homes as the Oswego Lake area became the residential area it is today.
-
Oswego Lake Aerial looking West
-
Lake Oswego Aerial looking North
-
Lake Oswego at dusk
WATERSHED HEALTH
BENEFITS TO WATERSHED HEALTH
A healthy watershed benefits our communities by resisting invasive species, encouraging beneficial wildlife, improving air quality, and filtering and storing fresh water. Healthy rivers, lakes and wetlands increase our property values and benefit the local economy through reduced maintenance needs and increased community livability.
From the mountain-tops to the streams and to the soil, our watershed is a complex interlocked system of moving parts. It’s an interactive ecosystem that humans are also a part of. Our impacts on the land are entwined with urban forest ecosystem functionality.
Characteristics of a healthy watershed
- Dense native vegetation and tree canopy
- Stable soils better able to withstand erosion
- Wetlands throughout for flood retention and filtration
- Protected vegetated areas around stream headwaters
- Flood plains that safely slow down and filter flood waters during heavy rains
- Healthy stream network with stable stream-banks and channels
- Diverse resident wildlife species
- Clean, clear and cold water containing few pollutants
FACTORS IMPAIRING WATERSHED HEALTH
Over the years, human modification of Oswego Lake and its watershed has had unintended negative effects on ecosystem health and function. Factors that impair watershed health:
- Storm water runoff piped directly to streams and water bodies during rain events causing erosion and downstream flooding
- Impervious surfaces such as rooftops, roads and parking lots generating runoff polluted with heavy metals, oil and grease from cars, pesticides, fertilizers, and bacteria
- Removal of native vegetation from stream-side areas and invasion by aggressive non-native plant species encourages bank erosion and reduces wildlife habitat
- Lack of tree or vegetation cover to provide shade and keep streams cool
Characteristics of an impaired watershed
- Eroded and collapsing stream banks
- Scouring and down-cutting of stream channels
- Excessive sediment accumulation
- Algae blooms
- Excessive debris accumulation
- Reduced diversity of fish and wildlife species
- Polluted water
-
West Bay Algae 09-29-2004
-
Blue Heron Canal Algae
-
Springbrook Creek Mouth storm event 8-22-2004
PROJECTS
The OLWC and community partners are improving and protecting Oswego Lake watershed health through their work, and you can too!
Interactive Watershed Map
